GPA Calculation Formulas
Comprehensive mathematical formulas for calculating grade point averages, weighted GPAs, and academic performance metrics
1Basic GPA Formula
Standard GPA Calculation
Where Grade Points are the numerical values assigned to letter grades (A=4, B=3, C=2, D=1, F=0).
Expanded Form
Where G₁, G₂, ..., Gₙ are grade points and C₁, C₂, ..., Cₙ are credit hours for each course.
2Grade Point Scale
Standard 4.0 Scale
| Letter Grade | Grade Points | Percentage Range |
|---|---|---|
| A | 4.0 | 90-100% |
| B | 3.0 | 80-89% |
| C | 2.0 | 70-79% |
| D | 1.0 | 60-69% |
| F | 0.0 | 0-59% |
Plus/Minus System
3Weighted GPA
Weighted GPA Formula
Weighted grade points account for course difficulty (Honors, AP, IB courses).
Weight Adjustments
Example Calculation
Course 1: AP Math (A grade, 4 credits)
Course 2: Honors English (B grade, 3 credits)
Weighted GPA:
4Cumulative GPA
Multi-Semester Formula
Where n is the number of semesters, GPA₁ is the GPA for semester i, and Credits₁ is total credits for semester i.
Adding New Semester
5Semester GPA
Single Semester Calculation
Where m is the number of courses in the semester, Gⱼ is the grade points for course j, and Cⱼ is the credit hours for course j.
6GPA Conversion Formulas
4.0 to Percentage Scale
Percentage to 4.0 Scale
4.0 to 100-Point Scale
7Quality Points System
Quality Points Formula
Total Quality Points
GPA from Quality Points
Quick Reference
Common GPA Scales
A Grade=4.0 points
B Grade=3.0 points
C Grade=2.0 points
D Grade=1.0 point
Weight Multipliers
AP/IB Courses
+1.0 point bonus
Honors Courses
+0.5 point bonus
Regular Courses
Standard points